diff --git a/src/AIS/AIS_ColorScale.cxx b/src/AIS/AIS_ColorScale.cxx
index b8fada3007..2a9767395d 100644
--- a/src/AIS/AIS_ColorScale.cxx
+++ b/src/AIS/AIS_ColorScale.cxx
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ void AIS_ColorScale::drawText (const Handle(Prs3d_Presentation)& thePresentation
   anAspect->Aspect()->SetTextZoomable (Standard_True);
   anAspect->Aspect()->SetTextAngle (0.0);
   anAspect->Aspect()->SetTextFontAspect (Font_FA_Regular);
-  Prs3d_Text::Draw (Prs3d_Root::CurrentGroup (thePresentation), anAspect, theText,gp_Pnt (theX,theY,0.0));
+  Prs3d_Text::Draw (Prs3d_Root::CurrentGroup (thePresentation), anAspect, theText, gp_Ax2 (gp_Pnt (theX, theY, 0.0), gp::DZ()), Standard_False);
 }
 
 //=======================================================================
diff --git a/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_CView.cxx b/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_CView.cxx
index fe40e846d1..dbbd5d0000 100644
--- a/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_CView.cxx
+++ b/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_CView.cxx
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ void Graphic3d_CView::ReCompute (const Handle(Graphic3d_Structure)& theStruct)
    && !theStruct->CStructure()->IsForHighlight
    && !theStruct->CStructure()->IsInfinite)
   {
-    const Standard_Integer aLayerId = theStruct->DisplayPriority();
+    const Graphic3d_ZLayerId aLayerId = theStruct->GetZLayer();
     InvalidateBVHData (aLayerId);
   }
 
diff --git a/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransModeFlags.hxx b/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransModeFlags.hxx
index 6ab946a981..f7e2512f1c 100644
--- a/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransModeFlags.hxx
+++ b/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransModeFlags.hxx
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ enum {
   Graphic3d_TMF_RotatePers         = 0x0008,
   Graphic3d_TMF_TriedronPers       = 0x0020,
   Graphic3d_TMF_2d                 = 0x0040,
-  Graphic3d_TMF_2d_IsTopDown       = 0x0041,
   Graphic3d_TMF_FullPers           = Graphic3d_TMF_PanPers | Graphic3d_TMF_ZoomPers | Graphic3d_TMF_RotatePers
 };
 
diff --git a/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransformPers.hxx b/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransformPers.hxx
index f2f620b12f..fb3058a483 100644
--- a/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransformPers.hxx
+++ b/src/Graphic3d/Graphic3d_TransformPers.hxx
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ void Graphic3d_TransformPers::Apply (const Handle(Graphic3d_Camera)& theCamera,
                                      const Standard_Integer theViewportWidth,
                                      const Standard_Integer theViewportHeight) const
 {
+  (void )theViewportWidth;
   if (!Flags)
   {
     return;
@@ -160,46 +161,41 @@ void Graphic3d_TransformPers::Apply (const Handle(Graphic3d_Camera)& theCamera,
     Graphic3d_TransformUtils::Scale     (theWorldView, T(aScale),      T(aScale),      T(aScale));
     return;
   }
-
-  if (Flags & Graphic3d_TMF_2d)
+  else if (Flags == Graphic3d_TMF_2d)
   {
-    T aLeft   = -static_cast<T> (theViewportWidth  / 2);
-    T aRight  =  static_cast<T> (theViewportWidth  / 2);
-    T aBottom = -static_cast<T> (theViewportHeight / 2);
-    T aTop    =  static_cast<T> (theViewportHeight / 2);
-    T aGap    =  static_cast<T> (Point.z());
-    if (Point.x() > 0)
-    {
-      aLeft  -= static_cast<T> (theViewportWidth / 2) - aGap;
-      aRight -= static_cast<T> (theViewportWidth / 2) - aGap;
-    }
-    else if (Point.x() < 0)
-    {
-      aLeft  += static_cast<T> (theViewportWidth / 2) - aGap;
-      aRight += static_cast<T> (theViewportWidth / 2) - aGap;
-    }
-    if (Point.y() > 0)
-    {
-      aBottom -= static_cast<T> (theViewportHeight / 2) - aGap;
-      aTop    -= static_cast<T> (theViewportHeight / 2) - aGap;
-    }
-    else if (Point.y() < 0)
-    {
-      aBottom += static_cast<T> (theViewportHeight / 2) - aGap;
-      aTop    += static_cast<T> (theViewportHeight / 2) - aGap;
-    }
-    if (Flags == Graphic3d_TMF_2d_IsTopDown)
-    {
-      const T aTemp = aTop;
-      aTop    = aBottom;
-      aBottom = aTemp;
-    }
+    const Standard_Real aFocus = theCamera->IsOrthographic()
+                               ? theCamera->Distance()
+                               : (theCamera->ZFocusType() == Graphic3d_Camera::FocusType_Relative
+                                ? Standard_Real(theCamera->ZFocus() * theCamera->Distance())
+                                : Standard_Real(theCamera->ZFocus()));
 
-    Graphic3d_TransformUtils::Ortho2D<T> (theProjection, aLeft, aRight, aBottom, aTop);
+    // scale factor to pixels
+    const gp_XYZ        aViewDim = theCamera->ViewDimensions (aFocus);
+    const Standard_Real aScale   = Abs(aViewDim.Y()) / Standard_Real(theViewportHeight);
+    gp_XYZ aCenter (0.0, 0.0, -aFocus);
+    if (Point.x() != 0.0)
+    {
+      aCenter.SetX (-aViewDim.X() * 0.5 + Point.z() * aScale);
+      if (Point.x() > 0.0)
+      {
+        aCenter.SetX (-aCenter.X());
+      }
+    }
+    if (Point.y() != 0.0)
+    {
+      aCenter.SetY (-aViewDim.Y() * 0.5 + Point.z() * aScale);
+      if (Point.y() > 0.0)
+      {
+        aCenter.SetY (-aCenter.Y());
+      }
+    }
 
     theWorldView.InitIdentity();
+    Graphic3d_TransformUtils::Translate (theWorldView, T(aCenter.X()), T(aCenter.Y()), T(aCenter.Z()));
+    Graphic3d_TransformUtils::Scale     (theWorldView, T(aScale),      T(aScale),      T(aScale));
+    return;
   }
-  else
+
   {
     // Compute reference point for transformation in untransformed projection space.
     NCollection_Vec4<T> aRefPoint (static_cast<T> (Point.x()),
diff --git a/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.cxx b/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.cxx
index 330ce25391..54b9f0f645 100644
--- a/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.cxx
+++ b/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.cxx
@@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ Graphic3d_BndBox4f OpenGl_Layer::BoundingBox (const Standard_Integer          th
                                               const Standard_Integer          theWindowHeight,
                                               const Standard_Boolean          theToIncludeAuxiliary) const
 {
+  updateBVH();
+
   const Standard_Integer aBoxId = !theToIncludeAuxiliary ? 0 : 1;
   const Graphic3d_Mat4& aProjectionMat = theCamera->ProjectionMatrixF();
   const Graphic3d_Mat4& aWorldViewMat  = theCamera->OrientationMatrixF();
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ Graphic3d_BndBox4f OpenGl_Layer::BoundingBox (const Standard_Integer          th
     {
       continue;
     }
-    else if ((aStructure->TransformPersistence.Flags & Graphic3d_TMF_TriedronPers) == 0)
+    else if ((aStructure->TransformPersistence.Flags & (Graphic3d_TMF_TriedronPers | Graphic3d_TMF_2d)) == 0)
     {
       continue;
     }
@@ -459,6 +461,7 @@ void OpenGl_Layer::updateBVH() const
 
   myBVHPrimitives.Clear();
   myBVHPrimitivesTrsfPers.Clear();
+  myAlwaysRenderedMap.Clear();
   myIsBVHPrimitivesNeedsReset = Standard_False;
   for (Standard_Integer aPriorityIdx = 0, aNbPriorities = myArray.Length(); aPriorityIdx < aNbPriorities; ++aPriorityIdx)
   {
@@ -467,10 +470,10 @@ void OpenGl_Layer::updateBVH() const
       const OpenGl_Structure* aStruct = aStructIter.Value();
       if (aStruct->IsAlwaysRendered())
       {
-        continue;
+        aStruct->MarkAsNotCulled();
+        myAlwaysRenderedMap.Add (aStruct);
       }
-
-      if (aStruct->TransformPersistence.Flags == Graphic3d_TMF_None)
+      else if (aStruct->TransformPersistence.Flags == Graphic3d_TMF_None)
       {
         myBVHPrimitives.Add (aStruct);
       }
diff --git a/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.hxx b/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.hxx
index 78eeb6e449..99b74a868e 100644
--- a/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.hxx
+++ b/src/OpenGl/OpenGl_Layer.hxx
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ private:
   mutable OpenGl_BVHClipPrimitiveTrsfPersSet myBVHPrimitivesTrsfPers;
 
   //! Indexed map of always rendered structures.
-  NCollection_IndexedMap<const OpenGl_Structure*> myAlwaysRenderedMap;
+  mutable NCollection_IndexedMap<const OpenGl_Structure*> myAlwaysRenderedMap;
 
   //! Is needed for implementation of stochastic order of BVH traverse.
   mutable Standard_Boolean myBVHIsLeftChildQueuedFirst;
diff --git a/src/SelectMgr/SelectMgr_SelectableObjectTrsfPersSet.cxx b/src/SelectMgr/SelectMgr_SelectableObjectTrsfPersSet.cxx
index ef3825592b..5cc3125a63 100644
--- a/src/SelectMgr/SelectMgr_SelectableObjectTrsfPersSet.cxx
+++ b/src/SelectMgr/SelectMgr_SelectableObjectTrsfPersSet.cxx
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ const NCollection_Handle<BVH_Tree<Standard_Real, 3> >&
 
     Bnd_Box aBoundingBox;
 
-    if (anObject->TransformPersistence().Flags && !(anObject->TransformPersistence().Flags & Graphic3d_TMF_2d))
+    if (anObject->TransformPersistence().Flags != 0)
     {
       anObject->BoundingBox (aBoundingBox);
       if (!aBoundingBox.IsVoid())
diff --git a/src/StdSelect/StdSelect_ViewerSelector3d.cxx b/src/StdSelect/StdSelect_ViewerSelector3d.cxx
index b42474d6e6..d79356c955 100644
--- a/src/StdSelect/StdSelect_ViewerSelector3d.cxx
+++ b/src/StdSelect/StdSelect_ViewerSelector3d.cxx
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ void StdSelect_ViewerSelector3d::DisplaySensitive (const Handle(V3d_View)& theVi
 
     Handle(Graphic3d_Structure) aStruct = new Graphic3d_Structure (theView->Viewer()->StructureManager());
 
-    if (!anObj->TransformPersistence().Flags || (anObj->TransformPersistence().Flags & Graphic3d_TMF_2d))
+    if (anObj->TransformPersistence().Flags == 0)
     {
       continue;
     }
diff --git a/src/ViewerTest/ViewerTest.cxx b/src/ViewerTest/ViewerTest.cxx
index f975daf866..33929d8948 100644
--- a/src/ViewerTest/ViewerTest.cxx
+++ b/src/ViewerTest/ViewerTest.cxx
@@ -3527,11 +3527,6 @@ static int VDisplay2 (Draw_Interpretor& theDI,
       toSetTrsfPers  = Standard_True;
       aTrsfPersFlags = Graphic3d_TMF_2d;
     }
-    else if (aNameCase == "-2dtopdown")
-    {
-      toSetTrsfPers  = Standard_True;
-      aTrsfPersFlags = Graphic3d_TMF_2d | Graphic3d_TMF_2d_IsTopDown;
-    }
     else if (aNameCase == "-trsfpers"
           || aNameCase == "-pers")
     {
@@ -5567,7 +5562,7 @@ void ViewerTest::Commands(Draw_Interpretor& theCommands)
 
   theCommands.Add("vdisplay",
               "vdisplay [-noupdate|-update] [-local] [-mutable] [-neutral]"
-      "\n\t\t:          [-trsfPers {pan|zoom|rotate|trihedron|full|none}=none] [-trsfPersPos X Y [Z]] [-3d|-2d|-2dTopDown]"
+      "\n\t\t:          [-trsfPers {pan|zoom|rotate|trihedron|full|none}=none] [-trsfPersPos X Y [Z]] [-3d|-2d]"
       "\n\t\t:          [-dispMode mode] [-highMode mode]"
       "\n\t\t:          [-layer index] [-top|-topmost|-overlay|-underlay]"
       "\n\t\t:          [-redisplay]"
@@ -5587,7 +5582,7 @@ void ViewerTest::Commands(Draw_Interpretor& theCommands)
       "\n\t\t:  -selectable|-noselect controls selection of objects."
       "\n\t\t:  -trsfPers    sets a transform persistence flags. Flag 'full' is pan, zoom and rotate."
       "\n\t\t:  -trsfPersPos sets an anchor point for transform persistence."
-      "\n\t\t:  -2d|-2dTopDown displays object in screen coordinates."
+      "\n\t\t:  -2d          displays object in screen coordinates (DY looks up)."
       "\n\t\t:  -dispmode sets display mode for objects."
       "\n\t\t:  -highmode sets hilight mode for objects."
       "\n\t\t:  -redisplay recomputes presentation of objects.",
diff --git a/tests/bugs/vis/bug25783_2 b/tests/bugs/vis/bug25783_2
deleted file mode 100644
index cd5a448b4c..0000000000
--- a/tests/bugs/vis/bug25783_2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-puts "============"
-puts "OCC25783_1"
-puts "Draw 2d objects in top-down mode."
-puts "============"
-puts ""
-
-vfont add [locate_data_file DejaVuSans.ttf] SansFont
-
-vinit View1
-vclear
-vaxo
-
-# display polyline in overlay
-text2brep tcc "Center" -font SansFont -height 30
-vdisplay  tcc -2dTopDown -osd
-polyline  lcc -50 -50 0 -50 50 0 50 50 0 50 0 0 0 -50 0 -50 -50 0
-vdisplay  lcc -2dTopDown -overlay
-
-# display polyline in overlay in the top left corner of the view
-text2brep ttl "Top-Left" -font SansFont -height 30
-vdisplay  ttl -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos -1 -1 5 -osd
-polyline  ltl 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 100 0 100 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0
-vdisplay  ltl -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos -1 -1 3 -overlay
-
-# display polyline in overlay in the bottom left corner of the view
-text2brep tbl "Bottom-Left" -font SansFont -height 30 -pos -27 0 0
-vdisplay  tbl -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos -1 1 30 -osd
-polyline  lbl 0 -100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 -50 0 50 -100 0 0 -100 0
-vdisplay  lbl -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos -1 1 3 -overlay
-
-# display polyline in overlay in the bottom right corner of the view
-text2brep tbr Bottom-Right -font SansFont -height 30 -pos -145 0 0
-vdisplay  tbr -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos 1 1 30 -osd
-polyline  lbr -100 -100 0 -100 0 0 0 0 0 0 -50 0 -50 -100 0 -100 -100 0
-vdisplay  lbr -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos 1 1 3 -overlay
-
-# display polyline in overlay in the top right corner of the view
-text2brep ttr "Top-Right" -font SansFont -height 30 -pos -130 0 0
-vdisplay  ttr -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos 1 -1 5 -osd
-polyline  ltr -100 0 0 -100 100 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 -50 0 0 -100 0 0
-vdisplay  ltr -2dTopDown -trsfPersPos 1 -1 3 -overlay
-
-vdump ${imagedir}/${casename}.png
diff --git a/tests/bugs/vis/bug27796 b/tests/bugs/vis/bug27796
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..352aa4dd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/bugs/vis/bug27796
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+puts "========"
+puts "Allow 3D objects with Graphic3d_TMF_2d flag"
+puts "========"
+
+pload MODELING VISUALIZATION
+
+# four rectangles
+box b4 -175 -125 -5 350 250 1
+box b3 -150 -100 -4 300 200 1
+box b2 -125 -75  -3 250 150 1
+box b1 -100 -50  -2 200 100 1
+
+# text label
+text2brep t "texT | Text\ntexT | Text" -height 50
+set aTB [bounding t]
+set aTX [expr [lindex $aTB 3] * -0.5]
+set aTY [expr [lindex $aTB 4] * -0.5]
+ttranslate t $aTX $aTY 1
+
+# sphere
+psphere s 50
+
+# clock marks
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 1} {incr i} { vertex p1_$i  [expr   75+5*$i]  86 1; lappend aPnts p1_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p1
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 2} {incr i} { vertex p2_$i  [expr  130+5*$i]  86 1; lappend aPnts p2_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p2
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 3} {incr i} { vertex p3_$i  [expr  130+5*$i]   0 1; lappend aPnts p3_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p3
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 4} {incr i} { vertex p4_$i  [expr  120+5*$i] -85 1; lappend aPnts p4_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p4
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 5} {incr i} { vertex p5_$i  [expr   55+5*$i] -85 1; lappend aPnts p5_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p5
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 6} {incr i} { vertex p6_$i  [expr  -18+5*$i] -85 1; lappend aPnts p6_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p6
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 7} {incr i} { vertex p7_$i  [expr  -85+5*$i] -85 1; lappend aPnts p7_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p7
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 8} {incr i} { vertex p8_$i  [expr -160+5*$i] -85 1; lappend aPnts p8_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p8
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <= 9} {incr i} { vertex p9_$i  [expr -160+5*$i]   0 1; lappend aPnts p9_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p9
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <=10} {incr i} { vertex p10_$i [expr -165+5*$i]  86 1; lappend aPnts p10_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p10
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <=11} {incr i} { vertex p11_$i [expr  -100+5*$i]  86 1; lappend aPnts p11_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p11
+
+set aPnts {}
+for {set i 1} {$i <=12} {incr i} { vertex p12_$i [expr  -30+5*$i]  86 1; lappend aPnts p12_$i }
+compound  {*}$aPnts p12
+
+# entire list of 2d presentations
+set aList {b1 b2 b3 b4 s t p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 p11 p12}
+
+vclear
+vinit View1
+vdisplay -dispMode 1 -highMode 1 -2d -trsfPersPos 0 0 {*}$aList
+vsetmaterial b1 b2 b3 b4 t PLASTIC
+vsetcolor b1 RED
+vsetcolor b2 GREEN
+vsetcolor b3 BLUE1
+vsetcolor b4 MAGENTA1
+vsetcolor t  GOLD
+vsetlocation s 0 0 -1
+
+box bb 1000 1000 1000
+vdisplay -dispMode 0 bb
+vfit
+vdump $imagedir/${casename}_center.png
+
+vdisplay -dispMode 1 -highMode 1 -2d -trsfPersPos -1  1 {*}$aList
+vdump $imagedir/${casename}_tl.png
+
+vdisplay -dispMode 1 -highMode 1 -2d -trsfPersPos  1  1 {*}$aList
+vdump $imagedir/${casename}_tr.png
+
+vdisplay -dispMode 1 -highMode 1 -2d -trsfPersPos  1 -1 {*}$aList
+vdump $imagedir/${casename}_br.png
+
+vdisplay -dispMode 1 -highMode 1 -2d -trsfPersPos -1 -1 {*}$aList
+vdump $imagedir/${casename}_bl.png
+
+vmoveto 110 385
+vselect 110 385
+set aColor [vreadpixel 110 385 rgb name]
+if { $aColor != "WHITE" } { puts "Error: wrong object is highlighted" }